Feeding your baby: The first year

Feeding your baby in the first year is a journey of new experiences. It's not just about food; it's also about creating healthy eating habits. Let's explore some tips to make this journey exciting and enjoyable.

How often to feed your baby

Your baby knows when they're hungry or full and will let you know. In the beginning, you will be breastfeeding 8-12 times per day, about 15-45 minutes each. Formula-fed babies may feed 6-10 times a day. If feeding takes longer, talk to your doctor or Lactation Consultant for help. As your baby tries solid foods, they'll naturally drink less milk, so be prepared for that change.

Learning your baby's hunger and fullness cues

Babies have ways of showing hunger. Here are signs to look out for:

Smacking lips
Reaching or leaning toward the breast or bottle
Pointing at the spoon, food, or your hand
Bringing hands to mouth and self-soothing by sucking their own hands

Missing these cues can make feeding tough, so try to catch them early.

How can you tell when your baby is full? Keep an eye out for these signs:

Pulling away from the breast, bottle, or spoon
Getting drowsy and falling asleep
Changing position, shaking their head, or keeping their mouth closed tightly
Handing food back to the feeder, signaling they've had enough

These cues are your baby's way of saying, "Thanks, but I'm all done!" Pay close attention, respect their signals, and never force-feed or chase them with a spoon.

When your baby may be ready for solid foods

Your baby's readiness depends on their growth. Look for signs like sitting without support, good head control, interest in your food, and accepting a spoon. These things usually happen around the time your baby has reached double their birth weight. Always check with your pediatrician before starting solids.

Guidelines for feeding solid foods

1. Start small, then increase gradually

Begin with small amounts of new foods — try a teaspoon at first — and slowly work your way up to a tablespoon. Go at your baby’s pace. Remember, you don’t want to force-feed.

2. Home-made or store-bought?

Both can be healthy. Look for single-ingredient foods and start a new food group every 3-5 days. Variety is important!

3. Nutrient-rich goodness

Meats and veggies have key nutrients. Fruits and whole-grain cereals do too! Offering your baby a variety of foods from different food groups ensures they will have enough nutrients to grow.

4. Juice

Your baby doesn’t need juice. Hold off on fruit juices for infants under one year old. When your baby is ready, with your pediatrician’s permission, try pasteurized, 100% fruit juices without added sugar. Limit it to 4 ounces a day and dilute it with water. Serve juice in a cup during mealtime.

5. Stay hydrated

Typically, healthy babies don't need extra water, except in very hot weather. As you introduce solid food, your baby might need extra sips of water. It’s important to talk to your pediatrician about the appropriate amounts of water before you begin to offer it.

6. Finger foods

When your baby can bring food to their mouth, slowly decrease mashed baby foods and try more finger foods. All food must be soft, easy to swallow, and cut into small pieces. Get ready for some cute self-feeding moments!

7. Mealtime vibes

Keep mealtime simple — around 15 to 20 minutes or so — and reduce distractions like TV, tablets, and phones. It's all about focusing on the delicious bites!

8. The magic number of meals

Most babies should have about three solid meals at 9 months and 2-3 snacks which, for a while, may be breastmilk or formula.

The foods: what to offer and what to avoid

Let's talk about what foods to offer your baby and what you need to be careful with. All the foods you offer need to be easy to chew and swallow since your baby is just learning those skills and has a high risk of choking. Offer these:

Meat, fish, chicken, pork that is chopped or mashed
Mashed beans
Avocado
Potatoes
Sweet potatoes
Tofu
Mashed or chopped fruits and veggies
Whole grain breads, crackers, tortillas
Oatmeal

Avoid choking hazards:

Nuts
Seeds
Popcorn
Chips
Pretzels
Raw fruits and veggies
Raisins
Whole grapes
Hot dog chunks
Sticky foods like marshmallows, gummy candy and gum

Extra tips to keep in mind

Don't warm your baby's bottle or food in the microwave. It can lead to burns in their mouths. Try warming bottles in a pan of warm water or under a stream of warm tap water instead. Give it a good shake to ensure even heating.
Always feed your baby in an upright position with a spoon. For babies with special needs, ask your doctor or therapists for adaptive feeding strategies.
Avoid letting your baby fall asleep with a bottle. It can cause milk to sit in their mouths, lead to tooth decay, and it may increase the risk of ear infections.
By your baby's first birthday, it's time to bid farewell to the bottle. Help your little one transition to cups.
Always keep an eye on your baby while they eat. Make sure they sit down during meals and are supervised.
Research shows that delaying allergenic foods like peanuts, eggs, and fish doesn’t reduce the risk of food allergies. In fact, introducing certain foods early, like peanuts and eggs, might decrease the risk of an allergy. Please talk to your pediatrician for advice.

First few weeks: maybe wake them up

Talk to your pediatrician about their sleeping habits first. It's a good idea to wake your baby for feeding in the first few weeks, especially if you’re breastfeeding or they sleep more than 3 hours. Newborns need a regular feeding routine to get enough milk. This frequent feeding also helps to build your milk supply if you’re breastfeeding.

When your pediatrician approves: let them sleep

As babies grow, their feeding habits change. Take note of their signals. After a few weeks, many babies start sleeping longer at night. At this point, it's not as crucial to wake them for night feedings. They're likely getting enough milk if they gain weight and need regular diaper changes. Trusting your baby's signals helps them learn to sleep longer and feed when they want. It’s important to talk to your pediatrician about your baby’s eating habits.

1. Size

Bottle nipples come in different sizes. For newborns, it's best to start with a slow-flow nipple.

If you’re breastfeeding, start with a slow-flow nipple regardless of your baby’s age. This prevents nipple confusion and mimics the sucking action from breastfeeding. You can switch to a medium-flow or fast-flow nipple as your baby grows.

5. Baby's comfort

Watch how your baby reacts. If they're content, you may have found the right one! If they seem fussy, try several feedings at different times of day before you buy a different one.

Your flow may be too slow if your baby is:

Upset

Taking longer than 20 minutes to finish

Falling asleep while feeding

Sucking hard and/or the nipple is collapsing inwards

Your flow may be too fast if your baby is:

Gulping or swallowing hard

Coughing or choking

Dripping milk out of their mouth

Refusing to eat

Be patient as you try to bottle feed. Sometimes it takes time for the baby to learn how to use a bottle. You might need to try a few nipples. Choosing the right one is important to give your baby the right flow. Whether you’re breastfeeding or exclusively bottle-feeding, Pacify Lactation Consultants can help!

Feeding your baby: The first year

1. How much colostrum do babies need?

2. When does breast milk come in?

3. Does breastfeeding hurt?

4. How long should I breastfeed?

5. Do I wake my baby for feedings?

6. Which medicines are safe while breastfeeding?

7. How do I get my baby to latch?

8. When does my period come back after having a baby?

9. How do I balance milk supply in both breasts?

10. Can I breastfeed while sick?

11. Do I need a breast pump?

12. Can I breastfeed with flat or inverted nipples?

13. What if I need urgent help with breastfeeding?

What to expect

First few weeks: maybe wake them up

When your pediatrician approves: let them sleep

1. Size

2. Material

3. Shape and style

5. Baby's comfort